a. The first table includes words ending in "f", change the "f" to "v" and add "es".h The second table includes words ending in "fe", change the "fe" to "v" and add "es". g Note: Learn these first
1. calf
calves
2. elf
elves
3. half
halves
4. leaf
leaves
5. loaf
loaves
6. ourself
ourselves
7. self
selves
8. sheaf
sheaves
9. shelf
shelves
10. themself
themselves
11. thief
thieves
12. wolf
wolves
13. yourself
yourselves
14. life
lives
14a. afterlife
afterlives
14b. midlife
midlives
14c. nightlife
nightlives
15. knife
knives
15a. penknife
penknives
16. wife
wives
16a. housewife
housewives
16b. midwife
midwives
b. By learning the two tables above first, all other words ending in "f" or "fe" will add “s”, including proper nouns. These are names given to specific people, places, or things and they must begin with a capital letter.h Examples:
chef
chefs
chief
chiefs
cliff
cliffs
giraffe
giraffes
handcuff
handcuffs
pilaf
pilafs
proof
proofs
ref
refs
roof
roofs
safe
safes
staff
staffs
surf
surfs
Wolf
Wolfs
Wolfe
Wolfes
c. Some have two forms of the plural. (The words in bold are preferred by www.merriam-webster.com)
dwarf
dwarfs or dwarves
handkerchief
handkerchiefs or handkerchieves
hoof
hooves or hoofs
scarf
scarfs or scarves
wharf
wharves or wharfs
If you are not sure how to form the plural, always consult the dictionary.
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